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THEORY The a/f mixture is controlled by a MIXTURE CONTROL SOLENOID (MC solenoid). This is a valve which operates at a fixed frequency (typically, 10 Hz) and whose duty cycle (valve's ON time divided by period) is varied. That is, the valve is pulse width modulated. when automotive troubleshooting the valve is turned on, the incoming a/f mixture is fully leaned; when off, fully enrichened. The former is called troubleshooting cars a "lean command" whereas the latter is called troubleshooting cars a "rich command." By varying the duty cycle of the MC solenoid, the AVERAGE a/f mixture can be varied. In GM products, this valve directly varies the incoming fuel and air flow. In Chryslers, only auto repair the incoming fuel flow is directly varied. cars consumer reports.

The valve has a two wires electrical connector. On wire is connected to switched battery voltage whereas the other car problems is connected to a power transistor in the computer and is a source of switched ground.

During closedloop operation the following will occur (assume the oxygen sensor is sensing a lean condition its voltage will troubleshooting cars be low):

1). The computer gradually decreases the MC solenoid's duty cycle.

2). The exhaust eventually becomes rich enough that the oxygen sensor's output will troubleshooting cars swing high (about 1 volt).

3). The computer gradually increases the MC solenoid's duty cycle.

4). The exhaust eventually becomes lean enough that the oxygen sensor's output will troubleshooting cars swing low (about 0 volt).

The cycle now repeats. A device for monitoring the solenoid's duty cycle (such as a dwell meter) will troubleshooting cars show a constantly varying duty cycle. The frequency of the oscillations will troubleshooting cars depend on the how fast the computer varies the duty consumer reports cycle and the engine's RPM. An AVERAGE duty cycle of 50% corresponds to, on the average, NO average a/f correction. Stated differently, everything is operating correctly. An average duty auto repair cycle of LESS THAN 50% corresponds to, on the average, a rich command (the computer is compensating for a lean condition). An average duty cycle GREATER THAN 50% corresponds consumer reports to, on the average, a lean command.

DIAGNOSIS AND SETTING IDLE A/F MIXTURE

Monitoring the MC solenoid's average duty requires (for most people) the use of high impedance dwell meter. A low impedance dwell meter may be used unless it affects engine operation; stay away from selfpowered dwell meters. Following the GM procedure, set the dwell meter to the six cylinders scale REGARDLESS of the number of cylinders in the engine. At this setting, 30 degrees will troubleshooting cars correspond to a 50% duty cycle, 60 to a 100% duty cycle, and 0 to a 0% duty cycle. Run the engine until closed loop operation is present; this will troubleshooting cars be indicated by a varying dwell (see footnote 1 for deviations from this procedure). Once the engine is hot, not the average dwell the reading should vary equally above 30 degrees and equally below 30 degrees. The consumer reports following is a brief trouble listing.